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Although black tea originated in China, its culture developed in Europe and spread to the East. What was called "cha" in China became "tea" in England, "thé" in France, "Tee" in Germany, and "chai" in Russia when transported by ship. The first tea to reach Europe was green tea, in 1610.
From around 1711 for about a century, Britain's finances were supported by taxes on tea, with rates as high as 125-200%. Naturally, the public was not pleased, leading to smuggling and riots. It is said that the troubles over high tea taxes also contributed to America's independence from Britain.
Japan's black tea culture began with imports in 1887, and in 1906, Meiji-ya imported Lipton tea for the first time. Currently, the average annual consumption per person in the UK is about 2.6 kg, while in Japan, it is just over 100 g, about 1/25th of that of the British.
Traditional British Tea Time
Early Tea (Bed Tea)
A cup enjoyed right after waking up. It is the most private tea time of the day.
Breakfast
Tea is essential for a British breakfast, served alongside toast, bacon, eggs, and more.
Elevenses
A tea break taken in the morning for a quick refreshment, usually lasting about 15 minutes.
Midday Tea Break
A snack time in the afternoon, often accompanied by cookies or simple baked goods.
Afternoon Tea
A special social occasion held on holidays, starting around 4 PM, featuring an extravagant spread of sandwiches, scones, cakes, and more. It is said to have originated in the mid-19th century when Anna Maria, Duchess of Bedford, started it to stave off hunger until dinner.
High Tea
A substantial meal taken in the late afternoon to evening, traditionally in industrial areas or rural Scotland. It features warm dishes like meats, earning it the nickname "meat tea." The name may derive from the fact that it was eaten at a regular dining table (high table) rather than a low tea table (low tea), or it may relate to the high-legged chairs used, but the exact origin is unclear.
After Dinner Tea
A relaxing time after dinner or before bed, often enjoyed with a slightly diluted milk tea to warm the body.
Night Tea
A cup enjoyed at the end of the day. It's also recommended to enjoy it in a more personal vessel, like a matcha bowl.